Peru mix box Fantastic minerals for the collector (smaller minerals)

Peru (Spanish: Perú; Quechua and Aymara: Piruw), officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: República del Perú), is a country on the west coast of South America. It is bordered by Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the southeast, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Both "Peruvian" and "Peruvian" are correct as an adjective. Before the arrival of the Spanish conquerors, Peru was the heart of the empire of the Incas, of which Cuzco was the capital. Between its conquest in 1572 and independence in 1821, the country was ruled by Spain. From that time on, Peru was ruled alternately by military and civilian governments. Dictators and democratic governments also alternated. Peru formed a confederation with Bolivia between 1836 and 1839. From 1864 to 1866, Peru waged war with Spain over the Peruvian Guano Islands (the Ballestas Islands). Spain had occupied one of these islands, but Peru did not agree. Peru won in this war, thanks in part to the help of Ecuador, Bolivia and Chile. Peru waged war with Bolivia against Chile between 1879 and 1883, the so-called Nitric War. Chile invaded the coastal strip of Peru and occupied the desert, where a lot of precious salt could be found. Peru lost this war and had to cede two provinces to Chile. From 1980 to 1992, the Peruvian population suffered from the violent actions of the Maoist Shining Path terrorist movement, which aimed to overthrow the existing order. The brutal arbitrariness that accompanied this has claimed the lives of at least thirty thousand people and caused an estimated 29.5 billion euros in material damage. The manifestation of the Shining Path was the biggest brake on Peru's development in the twentieth century, until the leadership was imprisoned in 1992.