Gold topaz also called Edeltopaz pendant in real silver from Ouro Preto/Brazil

Topaz is a mineral used as a gemstone. It is a hydroxy- and fluorine-containing aluminum nesosilicate with the chemical formula Al2SiO4(OH,F)2. Topaz has an orthorhombic crystal system. It crystallizes in a prismatic shape with a rhombic base. These prisms can reach a length of one meter. If the crystal faces have grooves, which is common, they run along the length of the prism. Pure topaz is transparent and colorless, but impurities can cause it to appear in many different colors, especially straw yellow to brown, light blue or pink. Many topazes get their blue or pink color artificially by heating them. Mystical topaz (mystic topaz) is not a color variant, but a topaz that is coated with a thin film layer, creating a rainbow effect. In the 18th century, Saxony was an important supplier of (yellow) topazes: these so-called Saxon diamonds were mined in the Vogtland, where the Schneckenstein was largely excavated. Topaz occurs in the sand fraction of Dutch Quaternary river sediments. Among other things, it is a characteristic element of sands of the northwestern German rivers (for example, predecessors of the Weser). In the heavy mineral analysis that took place in the Netherlands at the National Geological Survey during the second half of the twentieth century, the mineral is classified in the so-called stable group. The name of the stone can be traced back to Greek.[4] Pliny the Elder traced the name to a legendary island of Topazius in the Red Sea, the identity of which is uncertain, as is the precise nature of the stones that came from it. The designation topaz only acquired its current meaning after the Middle Ages. The topaz is one of the nine gems in the Thai Order of the Nine Gems. The Pope owns a miter, a so-called mitra preciosa, which is decorated with gold, topazes and pearls. According to the bible (Revelation 21:19-20 NKJV translation 1951) the seventh foundation of the new city of Jerusalem will be decorated with topaz. 19 And the foundations of the wall of the city were adorned with every precious stone. The first foundation was diamond, the second lapis lazuli, the third ruby, the fourth emerald, 20 the fifth sardonyx, the sixth sardius, the seventh topaz, the eighth beryl, the ninth chrysolite, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh sapphire, the twelfth amethyst .