"Golden Healer" from Brasil tumbled stone in medium format.

Rutile has among the highest refractive indices at visible wavelengths of any known crystal, and also exhibits a particularly large birefringence and high dispersion. Owing to these properties, it is useful for the manufacture of certain optical elements, especially polarization optics, for longer visible and infrared wavelengths up to about 4.5μm. Natural rutile may contain up to 10% iron and significant amounts of niobium and tantalum. Rutile derives its name from the Latin rutilus, red, in reference to the deep red color observed in some specimens when viewed by transmitted light.

Rock crystal is colorless and most common variant of the mineral quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO2) The name "crystal" derives from the Greek word "Krustallos" which means ice. It was believed that rock crystal was designed by the gods ice. At the time of the Mesolithic was known rhinestone al. During Roman times from the Alps under the name "petrified ice" on the market. Theofratus called it "krystallos". Also Pliny the Elder mentions it. The name "Quartz" was introduced in 1529 by Georgius Agricola. The peoples of the East considered rock crystal and stone of patience and perfection. Tibetans use crystal to crystal to behandelen.De wounds choice as a drinking glass or as part of medieval jewelry can be attributed to the belief that these crystals would crack or discolor when they came in contact with poison So the chain was a amuletdat protecting the king compare Rudolfinische imperial crown and the chain of the Jehovah-order Genesis:... Megnatieten, pegmatites, hydrothermal and alpine stone veins, alluvial deposits Appearance:. Rock crystal is naturally widespread, but not always in gemstone quality Historically known sites are India and Sri Lanka (near Tatnaputi) Iridescent quartz from the area of ​​Poona in India and out.. Myanmar is a rarity. Beautiful crystals come from Kenya and Madagascar, also from Brazil (Minas Gerais), Goisas, Bahia and French Guiana. In the US, Rhinestone for in pegmatites, including in Maine (in Ausburn, New York, North Carolina, Arkansas (Crystal Peak) and California. Of particular significance are occurrences in the Alps. Rhinestones are found in Switzerland (eg Urim where a crystal of 135 kg has been found in the area of ​​the St. Gotthard and Grimsel), in Austria (in 1965 at the Grossglockner found a crystal of nearly 1,000 kg in a cavity). Rhinestones are also found in Germany, the Czech Republic Poland and France in the collections of several museums are unique faceted rhinestones The Smithsonian Institution Washington has a polished stone of 7000 kt and a rock crystal sphere with a diameter of 33 cm and a weight of 48.5 kg.. it comes out Burma and was cut in China.