The mineral galena is a lead sulphide, more precisely lead(II) sulphide, with the chemical formula PbS. The galena crystals are generally cubic but sometimes octahedral. The mineral often occurs together with sphalerite (zinc blende) and fluorite (fluorspar). Deposits of galena are found in Germany, France, Romania, Austria, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Scotland, England, Australia and Mexico. In the United States, the mineral occurs in Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Idaho, Utah, Montana and Wisconsin. Galena is primarily found in hydrothermal veins and around pegmatites, as well as in veins in limestone and dolomite together with sphalerite. Galena was already known to the Babylonians and was a coveted substance by the Romans, as its use in aqueducts demonstrates. The name galena for lead shine is of Roman origin. In ancient Egypt, the mineral was used in beads. Galena is an important lead ore. It is also used as a silver ore in the silver industry through inclusions of argentite, in which lead is a by-product. Because of its special electrical properties, it was used in the pioneering days of radio to make a crystal receiver. Because of its dark grey colour, galena was used as a pigment. For example, ground galena was used as eye shadow in many Arab countries.